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Neuron and Synapse

Added Dec 01, 2015 •

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thank you for choosing to watch our presentation today on the basic neurons Crocker this presentation was created by Rachelle zangen Tyler plumber Rihanna Silvestri and Emily Korea  they will be talking about the basic structure of a neuron are brain cells each neuron has a few you could park whistle sound. Talk about James Wright and we'll talk about the cell body or the stoma of the cell will talk about the song with its myelin sheath and will also talk about the axon terminal or The Terminal buttons  now I would like to show you a quick YouTube video that Mexican gets an introduction to all the topics that will be covering things Sur La Table okay so let's talk now about Denver Denver and Denver as the arms of the neuron pick up and receive the messages or impulse from other neurons dendrites are slender arm like filaments the project up from the cell body they are generally short interject impulses down who was the cell body dendrites receive incoming messages from many other cells that can be one other nerve or nerve pill or enough or hunger dendritic spines are short outgrowth that come off of the Zen Den Drive the increase the receptive surface area of a neuron look dendrites are covered in the center of the spine  electrical stimulation for an action potential in an upstream neuron is transmitted on the dendrite chemical Messengers in the synaptic clap will talk more about the synaptic cleft later in the presentation role in integrating needs to Mastic which ultimately determines the extent to which action potentials are produced by that neural and enriched environments such as learning is associated growth of Denver alcohol has an adverse effect on dendritic bro and senility is associated with dendritic shorten and a reduction in the number of branches in elderly  this picture shows the location of the insane drive to come off of the body in Project when receive the impulses from other cells don't talk about this, his home is also known as cell body of the neuron the largest part of the neuron with regard to Wicker gir as responsible for maintaining cellular function because it is a form of the nucleus and most of the cells organelles production of proteins for the neuron occurs within the silver it contains you flights organelle present from mitochondria the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum secretory granules ribosomes and always home in a drawing you can see the basic idea of the stoma with the organelles in the nucleus there within the cell body and then the icon leaving down the bottom of the picture with the dendrite projecting top off of the stoma  for more on the summer the summer the most important part of the neuron receives the nuclear and I've you probably know the nucleus of the home to the genetic material of the cell for the DNA organelles float within the boundaries of the cellular membrane in a fluid called the cytoplasm  structures within the stoma support chemical processing and most importantly the production of neurotransmitter neurotransmitters are these little chemical messenger such as we'll talk about later Richard serotonin dopamine Gabriella will talk about boobs but they are the little chemical messenger that the cells communicate with each other they are produced within the summer  well the axon the axon begins at the Axon hillock has the axon comes off of the Soma at the location of the Axon hillock  duck Hunters also known as an fiber backbone refuse outgoing signals from the summer and passes them along to other Celsius in Mastic knob for the synaptic terminal talk about more rapidly discharge signal to remote locations from the Soma Sumner on such as an exotic neurons do not have Songs In Real Life fully on their gun rights to communicate but for the most part most neurons have axons that they're the projector message The Other Self the diameter of an axon ranges anywhere from 1 to 20 micrometer and may be more than a meter long you think about where the axons that are the neurons either that are in the spinal cord that then leave the spinal cord and control the muscles on the bottom of your put those axon 7 would be the entire length from the part where they exit the spine to the bottom of your foot so that's all the way down to where  a little bit more on these axon axon transport organelles proteins and other in bi-directional Pathway to and from the Soma is Imperial beer use to repair parts of the axon they serve as Gates or to active enzymes in the synaptic knob to Signal molecule  so anterograde transport is powered by a motor protein called Tennyson this protein assist travel down the axon for away rather from the Thelma retrograde transport uses sign in to travel up the axon cord system lotemax on axon can be myelinated or a myelinated myelin sheath is a protective layer covering the axon the defects of speed a signal conduction Victorious helmet comparable to the rubber that cover electrical are you around and dirt bike look like the electrical wiring in your house the wires that those cables are covered with a rubber someone comparable to the myelin sheath so the myelin sheath is formed by illegal Denver science in the CNS so the brain in the court and it's formed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system nodes of ranvier are the gap between the mile I need a second picture will show you now show these know who's important because they Propel accidental down the axon and by in a process known as saltatory conduction  there's a picture of a neuron axon being that mark their panda with the myelin sheath and as you can see there's also the gaps between myelin sheath is known as no the reindeer and certain diseases such as multiple sclerosis and other where the myelin sheath is her diamonds or Dysart and without Villa's the myelin sheath they're covering the axon it inhibits a lot of there ability of the neuron superjet Action potentials down the axon mean as you may understand that was great a lot of problems if it kills the funk I'm that Veronica my room cheap is dead no talk about the accident axon terminal Akron sometimes called the terminal boots harm or The Terminal button for the axon ends Terminals and in relation to other structure such as another neuron muscle cells or gland cells so for example with a muscle cell. turtle come right down onto the muscle cell in the neuromuscular Junction and that is the terminal Bouton or the axon terminal for that acronym The Junction between the axon terminal and the neuron muscle cell or gland cell is called The Sinner a very important character is at the axon terminal is separate from the summit Target tissue that does not touch the structure it is been acting on the space between the structure called the somatic class and that's where the magic happens  so the Akron terminal contains a very important contingent very important paws known as neurotransmitters negro transmitters are made of this, and then transported to die on criminal these neurotransmitters are molecules that facilitate the mutation that occurs as a result of action potential Air Jordan secretory vesicles basically little packages and wait at the end of the axon different neurons in different areas of the brain will contain different neurotransmitters summer excitatory where is another grand Hibbetts are neurotransmitters examples of neurotransmitters include acetylcholine versus the main neurotransmitter with the neuromuscular Johnson Gaba glutamate norepinephrine serotonin and many many other  famous picture of the you can see the synaptic cleft that is there between the the axon terminal and if receiving tissue turn off to see the synaptic vesicles that contain the neurotransmitters within the axon terminal of an action potential comes down to the end of the Axon the seminal vesicle vesicle full fused with the membrane there on the synaptic terminal and release the contents for the neuro enter into the synaptic cleft neurotransmitters been able to diffuse across and activate certain receptors on the but it is but not commenting on  all of them are on Arkham criminal when an Impulse travel down the axon from the Thelma it eventually reaches the axon terminal when it reaches the terminal has certain changes in the electrical charge trigger chemical reactions that lead to the release of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft the action potential comes down to the axon terminal it open calcium channel there to the axon terminal the influx of calcium then Victory pics on account is it allowed for the secretory vesicle fuses with the membrane releasing their contents into the synaptic cleft as they're dumped into the synaptic cleft chin then diffuse across the synaptic cleft and cause either excitation or inhibition on their target tissue Target tissue of the muscle it'll cause contractions if the target tissues another neuron it'll either Trigger or inhibit other action potential in that singer on all functions of the central nervous system which account for virtually everything occurred as a result of neuronal synopsis Philip what's a quick little video that demonstrate the synaptic cleft this video will show action potential racing down an axon and you'll be able to are a demonstration of the ions involved with an action potential moving into the cell depolarizing it and then I am back out of the deal has the so repolarizes and then it'll show what happens there at the semester or rather of the Axon when the action potential reaches the end and you'll see the neurotransmitters how it's released into the synaptic cleft brings us to the end of our presentation today about the basic structure of the neuron thank you very much for looking and it will be hopefully you found it enjoyable educational thank you

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Neuron and Synapse

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