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Fermentation

Added Oct 30, 2012 •

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what kind of the second and last video lecture on chapter 8 covering fermentation first let's review a term we introduced when we learned about cellular respiration trailer respiration is considered to be overall anaerobic process as it requires oxygen to keep the electron transport chain working glycolysis however considered an anaerobic of no oxygen is required for that first stage now if oxygen is not available to an organism it needs another way to produce a need for energy and recycle the nadh molecule back to an ATP molecule so it can continue to pick up electron so there are two different types of fur play some that make this possible depending on the type of organism fermentation is more commonly called alcoholic fermentation as the entry Apple alcohol however it can also be called yeast fermentation since he needs a unicellular fungus performs it remember we talked about uses of yeast and class which is making beer and bread and even some cheeses what happens in alcoholic fermentation since glycolysis doesn't require oxygen it stays the same glucose is still broken down into pyruvate producing two ATP and two nadh however since nadh can't go to the electron transport chain what is no oxygen to keep the electrons flowing it must have some other molecule to donate as hydrogen and electrons to so pyruvate is converted through stop and ethanol or ethyl alcohol by that process nadh gets rid of the tide region and electrons and is ready to pick up more as I call this continues to occur so what's the net production of ATP through alcoholic fermentation to easily that's all early I'm efficient aerobic respiration as we seen that gets 38 now the other process that can happen is lactic acid from also called homolactic fermentation on that first page this occurs in humans when we exercise and don't get enough oxygen to keep a robic price of crank quickly enough to meet the demands of our muscles for ATP it can also corinna's archaea bacteria that we talked about at the beginning of the year that don't require oxygen lift again notice it starts with glycolysis this is another reason why some scientists think like all of this was the first metabolic process to evolve so long ago this is where we get our to ATP then the pyruvate is converted into lactic acid or lactate remember it acid an 8 lactic acid or lactate in order to convert the nadh back into NAD plus to continue running glycolysis and producing ATP lactic acid builds up and are muscles and is what causes when we exercise  when oxygen becomes more available after exercise when we've cooled down and are breathing more normally the lactic acid can be delivered to the live and converted back into pyruvate which can then go on and power the rest of arobic respiration like normal or fermentation is necessary in certain instances only have an efficiency rate of 2% and therefore is not what is desired with 39% efficiency aerobic respiration is obviously the better way to produce ATP and store energy for the body's needs there are two terms in this chapter you need to know catabolism is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller parts phone number for Latin vocab cata means breaking down this picture specifically shows it as a breakdown of the food we eat into usable forms by the body when Apple ism is the building up of larger molecules from smaller parts so we take the macromolecules and food carbohydrates lipids proteins and even a quick you break it down and then we reassembled pieces into the macromolecules we need catabolism and anabolism  number pictures of a few ways of macromolecules can be used in the body will start with proteins on the left proteins are taken to the liver and catabolized into individual no acids amino acids can be further broken down through the process of deamination which is when the nh-2 or amine group is removed play me know acid what is left of mainly carbon and hydrogen what can then be used in cellular respiration substrates from cellular respiration can also be removed from what's Michael and converted back into him you after them built up into protein the anabolism part this after also reiterates the concept of essential amino acids versus non are amino acids essential amino acids are those that we can't produce in her body and must taken to our diet there are nine essential amino acids out of 20 total now let's look at the fax with a lipids on the right glycerol can enter glycolysis and be used to power that process and fatty acids can be turn it into a seal coat a and both of these processes can be reversed to make back into lipids if the body needs them elsewhere relations you reach the end of the final video lecture for chapter 8 do you on the next one

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Fermentation

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