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How to Write Formula with Transition Metals

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let's talk about transition metals in ionic formulas so the transition metals are the elements in this part of the periodic table here and when we write formulas for ionic compounds that contain transition metals this we need to Roman numerals here in the middle so this might be a little bit different from other types of chemical formulas you've seen so in this video will talk about what's going on here okay so transition metals as I said before the transition metals are the elements in this area here of the periodic table I've written some of the most common ones in now I'm also going to be talking about some of the metals over here but they act a lot like the transition in certain ways to iMovie including them in the discussion is well now for ionic bonding and ionic formulas transition metals are a little bit different from the elements here and here on the periodic table this is the reason why transition metal elements or at least I could say many of the transition metal elements are able to make more than one type of ion in each one of these types of ion has a different charge let me show you what I mean by this let's start by taking an example that's not a transition metal will take lithium in this column you okay so with you when lithium forms an ion we know that that ion is going to have a plus one charge and that's because lithium is in this column every single ion lithium makes is always going to be plus one we know that based on its location now the same is true for calcium calcium is in this column here so when calcium makes an ion that I would beat CA 2 + always calcium will always make ions that are 2 + every single calcium ion for the most part will be ca 2 + Ur hand transition metals more loosey-goosey about iron Fe for example iron can make an ion that's two plus but it can also make an ion that has a 3 plus charge so table both these types of ions gold which is another transition metal right here can make a you one plus with a one plus charge or it can make it type of ion that's a u 3 + manganese which is right here is one of the craziest of the transition metals because of a huge variety of ions it okay I'm manganese element can turn into m n 2 + 4 m + 3 + or MN what's MN 6 Plus or MN 7 plus the point is the transition metals can make multiple types of ions in these ions all have different charges different from the metals over here in from other types of elements on the periodic table which tend to always make the same type of element based on what columnar in there sometimes to ask why is it that the transition they're able to make this wide variety of ions and the answer is kind of complicated but basically it has to do with the way electrons are arranged in the orbitals of the transition metals the transition metals are more loosey-goosey with the electrons they give away they're not set on giving just one away or two away they can give a couple of way they can give a couple more away and so that's how you end up with these ions it have varying numbers varying amounts of positive charge so when we have these elements that can make different types of ions how do we tell them apart what we have use a naming system that uses Roman numerals I'll show you what I mean this Roman numeral notation we call the fv2 + ion we call that Iron II with a 2 in Roman numerals in parentheses iron 3 + is iron 3 gold OnePlus is gold one and manganese for example 4 + 6 + 7 + are written is manganese for manganese 6 + manganese 7 know you might be a little bit unfamiliar with how to write numbers in Roman numerals so it probably wouldn't hurt to do a real quick review of Roman numerals before we move on so here's how to write the numbers one through 10 in Roman numerals 1 2 3 are pretty straightforward then V is a V and 4 is an IV because it's 5 - 1 if a number is to the left it subtracted so 1 2 3 5 - 1 is 4 + 5 then we have 6 V i7 VII 8v with three eyes and I have the same thing 910 is an x and 9 is an x -1 know it's very unlikely that you would run into an ion that had a charge of 8 9 or 10 but hey this might just be useful to keep in mind anyway four five and six tend to be quite common ionic charges so you want to be sure to know how to write these numbers in Roman numerals so whenever we write formulas with transition metal because we have to explicitly say what charge the metal has cuz we can't just figure it out based on where it is on the periodic table so we have to say manganese II chloride compound that contains mn2 + for iron 3 oxide we write that so that whoever's reading it knows we're talking about a compound that contains iron with the three plus charge okay this Roman numeral notation different from formulas without transition metals where we just write calcium fluoride where we write sodium sulfide we don't have to use Roman numerals when write formulas without transition because it's totally clear what these charges are right calcium is in this column here so we know for sure that it's two plus and it's always going to be two plus sodium is in this column here so we know that it's one plus it's always going to be one plus so we don't have to use Roman numerals when we write formulas without transition metals and in fact it would be wrong to use Roman numerals when you're doing this so don't put Roman numerals in the formulas unless they have trained fishing medals so that's an introduction to transition metals in ionic compounds we saw how one transition metal element can make multiple ions with different charges in the next two videos we're going to learn how to take name of a transition metal compound and write a formula for and then take a formula and name writing formulas is pretty straightforward because the charge on the hand note taking a formula with a transition metal element in it and figuring out what the name is that can be a little bit more challenging because you got to figure out what the charge on the metal is and it's not clear right away from the formula so will how to figure this out using some math check out those next two videos called writing formulas for compounds with transition metals and naming compounds with

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