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Enzymes

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enzymes are really important proteins that speed up the rates of reaction such as in photosynthesis respiration and protein synthesis enzymes are known as biological catalysts because they lower the activation energy of the reaction speeding up unchanged at the end of the reaction and can be reused enzymes can work in different ways some enzymes help to break down large molecules into smaller ones others build a large molecules from smaller ones and some enzymes help molecule into another so how do enzymes work in conjunction with substrates the enzymes and substrates always moving at occasionally they Collide at the right speed and orientation so that the substrate fits into the enzyme Collision Theory dictates that Collision must occur with sufficient energy and in a specific orientation for a reaction to occur enzymes of specialized direct of size mattress the shape of a specific substrate that they can react the enzymes and substrates put together using a lock and key makers once the substrate is in the active site the reaction takes place the required product is produced in the enzyme itself carries on moving around in this example the enzyme is breaking down the substrate into two smaller product could be protists which breaks down proteins into amino acids or carbohydrates which breaks down carbohydrates interview for likeness which breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol hydrogen peroxide is often formed as a result of the reactions in cells and if it is Left Behind to build up its harmful luckily we have catalase enzymes that are really fast break the hydrogen peroxide down into harmless water and oxygen enzymes can help build up molecules like this but the first is still exactly the same well since I'm doing fantastic things they all send each enzyme has leptin conditions under which it works best first thing that needs to be enough substrate around they need a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction that they catalyze if there is too little substrate in the rate of Miss load sometimes if there's too much product around in the reaction slow is because the enzymes and substrates have less chance of bumping into each other so the product needs to be removed for high rate of reaction enzymes also have optimum pH and temperature conditions an increase in temperature causes increased rates of reaction because there is more heat energy energy means more collisions however above a certain temperature the right YouTube denaturation we will look at the effect of pH and temperature on enzyme denaturation of enzymes the optimum pH and temperature conditions are specific to the condition in which they were an enzyme that works in the stomach for example what happened more acidic optimum pH and of course they need to be enough enzymes around for the rate of reaction to be optimized so we know that enzymes and substrates put together at the active site to form a lock and key mechanism the enzyme then released product and can be used again they are sensitive to temperature and pH and the needs to be a sufficient enzyme and substrate concentration for reactions to occur enzymes not only control all kinds of reactions such as in photosynthesis respiration digestion and protein we also make use of them in day-to-day life proteins and lipase enzymes are used in biological washing powders to remove proteins and fats from stains and I'll close we also use enzymes are food and drink Industries fixing Asus used to break down the cells and fruit when making juice so that more juices released

Uploaded by D. Henriques.

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