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Naming Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

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this is an introduction to naming ionic compounds with transition metals the transition metals are the elements in this part of the periodic table and when we write the name for an ionic compound that contains transition metals those do you usually have Roman numerals in the middle of so in this video will learn how to take the formula for a compound that contains a transition metal and how to write the name for it with a Roman numerals and everything so transition the transition metals are the elements in this part of the periodic table here and I've written in some of the most common I'm also going to be talking about some of the metals over here which aren't technically transition metals but they act a lot like these metals are unique because many of them are able to make multiple ions with different charges so iron Fe for example is able to make an f e q + ion but it's also able to make an F III plus I'm okay this is different for the metal safe over here the 10th always make ions with the same charge show me some free sample plus one column here and so when sodium is in an ionic compound it always makes an ion with a one plus charge magnesium here is in this two plus, it is in an ionic compound it makes 2 + I am but a transition metals can make a wide variety of different ions with different charges some of them can even make four or five different ions each with a different charge to these different charges on transition metals come into play when you want to name a compound that contains a transition so here we have fecl3 the iron we can't tell right away just by looking at this weather the f is Fe 2 plus or whether it's fe-3 plus two different types of ions Fe can make we can distinguish between these two ions by using Roman numerals give them different names so the FP 2 + ion recall that Iron II with the Roman numeral for 2 in parentheses the fe3 + ion we call that iron 3 with the Roman numeral for 3 are parentheses used is Ion names when we want to name the whole contact so if the Fe here turns out to be a compound Iron II chloride it is this iron is iron 3 plus we will call the compound iron 3 chloride so in order to figure out whether we're talking about Iron II chloride or iron 3 chloride here how to do a little bit of math and working backwards to figure out which of these two charges iron has in this particular compound let me show you how to do it we start by focusing on the Ion with a charge but we do know that certain that's not going to change and for this that's going to be cl-cl is in this column here on the periodic table so we want to contact CEO always makes an ion with a one- charge Okay so we've got CL 1 - 1 2 3 since we have three of them the total amount of negative charge is going to be 3 months in an ionic compound the negative charge always has to balance out with a positive charge. We have 3 - on this side we've got to have three plus on this side so what's the charge on iron well there is one iron ion in this compound which means that all of the positive charge has to be on this one I on which means that it's charge is Fe oh 3 + okay so one ion if fe3 plus gives us three plus a charge which has to be balanced out by the three- over here which is distributed over the three seal knives so that's how we figure out the charge on I and since this is iron 3 plus the name for this compound is going to be iron 3 and then for cl when CL when chlorine becomes a negative ion we call it chloride the i v e usually gets added to the name of an element when it becomes a negative ion so chloride is what we call CL 1 - o iron 3 chloride is the name of this compound we had to work backward and figure out the charge of iron and then we can call it iron 3 so if you want to get really good at naming compounds with transition metals and using a Roman numerals and all that you just got to get a lot of practice so I made another video that's just a hole bunch of practice problems on naming ionic compounds with transition metals that out a couple of important things the first thing is Roman numerals for naming and when we don't this confuses a lot of students okay so when do we use Roman numerals what we use Roman numerals when we're naming compounds that contain transition metals so here are three compounds that contain transition metals we use Roman numerals and we use a Roman numerals because copper iron and Vanadium which means that they can make multiple ions with different charges so we kind of need to pin down the specific ion were talking about each one of these compounds right so we put this one here to say we're talking about copper OnePlus because copper could make other ions were talking about iron 3 + here we're talking about 4 + because they could be a variety of different now on the other hand we don't use Roman numerals when we're naming compounds that don't contain transition metals that contain for example the metal over here take potassium iodide for example potassium K is in this call it's in the OnePlus, which means it in an ionic compound potassium always makes an ion with a one plus that's the only choice they can only be one plus so we don't need to put a Roman numeral in there to specify that it's one place because that's the only choice it could be calcium nitride over here calcium is in this 2 plus cost it can only make an ion with a 2 + charge in an ionic compound so then we don't need a Roman numeral to say that because there's only one choice and that's two plus aluminum over here can only make a 3 plus until you don't need to use Roman numerals with aluminum either I should point out that some of these metals are not technically transition metals still can make ions with different charges do we have to use Roman numerals when we name compounds with Ken and red in them as well but here's a big point if you're naming compounds with ions that can make different charges you always me the Roman numerals but don't put those Roman numerals in naming compounds with metals that can only make one shot not only is a waste of time to put those Roman numerals in but it's wrong you just shouldn't put them in there now we have to use this method of working backwards in order to name compounds that contain most transition and we also have to use this method to name compounds that contain metals like 10 or lead that are able to make more than one type of ion but there are two important exceptions and I need to tell you about these are silver AG zinc ZN even though these two elements are transition metals they're only able to make one type of ion so silver AG always makes AG one plus it's always one plus in only one plus zinc ZN always makes an ion that is ZN 2 + no that means that when we name compounds that contain silver or zinc we don't have to use Roman numerals because we're only talking about one type of ion okay so a compound like this agcl you don't have to do any math at all you don't have to use a work backwards approach you just call it silver chloride zncl here super easy we just call that zinc chloride and since these elements always make ions with just one charge we don't have to the Roman numerals when we're naming so it would be wrong to call the silver 1 chloride or zinc 2 chloride here there's only one possible ion so we don't use the Roman numerals we only use it Roman numerals if we're trying to distinguish between multiple types of ions with different charges so that's an introduction to how we name compounds that have transition metals in the next video with the whole bunch of practice problems she can really get the hang of it this is one of the things that you just get better and better at with more practice so check out that video you'll get super good at it really

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Naming Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

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